After explaining that the USAF scientists and technicians who established our "CO2 science" possessed impeccable credentials, we should also point out that if those scientists had been wrong, they would have been exposed in short order.
Why you ask? Because of the increasing variety of modern marvels that would have been impossible had those studies not produced exquisitely accurate facts and figures.
Why you ask? Because of the increasing variety of modern marvels that would have been impossible had those studies not produced exquisitely accurate facts and figures.
The following was written to supplement the previous review of USA atmospheric research and to explain why a layperson can feel very comfortable trusting, heck believing, scientists, their atmospheric studies, and overall understanding.
This post is an interesting sort of one way collaborative effort. You see, over the years I've communicated with a number of scientists and grads. Asking straight forward questions and often receiving informative replies. I try not to overdo my welcome, after all these are very busy professionals with more important things to do. Still, for this post I sent a grand shout out to a number of my correspondence pals and received more responses than I expected including some informative surprises for me. I have taken great liberty slicing and dicing their contributions. Rewriting some, leaving other quotes untouched and giving all of it some order.
I mention this because I want to be clear the following List of " CO2 science dependent" modern marvels is not my own cleverness and I send a big Thank You! out to my informed anonymous heroes!
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{Incidentally, there is not one contrarian "theory" or challenge to climate science or the geophysics that hasn't been looked at by informed individuals. You'll find that contrarian errors, omissions, and falsifications have been clearly explained.
Don't believe me, look at this outline for yourself:
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* Weather satellites that can image heat and moisture and wind's effects into comprehensible images.
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* Precipitable water. Contrast brightness temperatures measured via oxygen emissions and via H2O emissions to back calculate how much water is present.
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* Heat seeking air to air missiles, they would not function if those guidance computers didn't have a complete description of how heat moves through the atmosphere.
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* Lasers wouldn't work if we had radiative physics wrong.
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* Early-Warning satellites. How are they going to distinguish between a missile launch from lightning, over Siberia? Better look at IR in DETAIL! (There's much more)
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Spectroscopic Databases such as HiTran and Geisa have military origins. Going back to WWII and the desire to do Night Bombing better. Then this continued during research programs in the 50's & 60's, with a lot of it through the Cambridge Research Laboratory.
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The program ModTran that is an example of a narrow band Radiative Transfer Code, for calculating radiative transfer. Half the patents for this are held by the Pentagon. The company that develops it - Spectral Sciences Inc - does so under license to the United States Air Force.
For 20 years developments to ModTran were signed off by the Commandant of the USAF GeoPhysics Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, Ma. These days it is the responsibility of the Commandant, the USAF Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM.
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* The detection of specific chemicals in the atmospheres of exoplanets:
By modeling the gases at high pressures, you can produce an expected absorption for infrared from the planet and compare the model to the spectra recorded by the Spitzer space telescope.
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*Spectroscopy includes measurement of absorption of IR wavelengths
eg measurement of CO2 levels in the atmosphere and ice cores relies on IR absorption. (that would make using ice core records to "prove" GHE doesn't exists amusing)
"Each sample has a volume of 4~6 cm3. CO2 concentration was measured with IR tunable diode laser spectroscopy, scanning a single vibrational-rotational absorption line." https://nsidc.org/data/docs/agdc/nsidc0202_wahlen/
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* And it's not just physics of the standard GH gases.
- Microwave emissions of oxygen molecules gives us satellite temperature sensing of the atmosphere.
- Nitrogen - Nitrogen collisions form part of the basis of the GH effect on places like Saturn's moon Titan.
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* Getting out of the IR range, but the Dobson spectrophotometer designed in 1924 to measure ozone (and the standard instrument for doing so, for many years) is based on the application of Beers Law. Using two close wavelengths that differ mainly in their O3 absorption coefficients, total column O3 is determined by the difference in transmission (sun view).
Careful selection of wavelengths allows measurement of many atmospheric gases.
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But wait, there's more . . .
Check out this power point for a complete review of what scientists understand, it's first class - perhaps the best summation for nonscientists I've seen:
Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements
The SIM Metrology School October 28 – November 1, 2013
James Whetstone
Special Assistant to the Director for Greenhouse Gas Measurements
National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
Outline
• The Sun and The Earth–Protection Mechanisms for Life on the Surface
• Properties of Earth’s Atmosphere–Earth’s energy budget and greenhouse mechanisms – Greenhouses
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The Atmospheric Propagation and Effect department focuses on laser applications in the open atmosphere. Main topics are the use of laser radiation over long distances, such as optical energy transmission (laser power beaming, laser-based air defence) and the remote detection of pollutants and hazardous substances.
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Liebowitz, Ruth P. | Hanscom Air Force Base Geophysics Laboratory.
Bedford, Massachusetts
(For highlights link to http://whatsupwiththatwatts.blogspot.com/2016/02/archive-usaf-atmospheric-studies-afcrl.html)
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The Rise and Fall of Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories.
Edward E. Altshuler | January 2, 2013.
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History of Australian research into Airborne Laser weapons systems
HIGH ENERGY LASER WEAPONS
Australian Aviation & Defense Review
by Carlo Kopp, December, 1981
http://www.ausairpower.net/AADR-HEL-Dec-81.html
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"We see, for the first time in the field, the amplification of the greenhouse effect because there's more CO2 in the atmosphere to absorb what the Earth emits in response to incoming solar radiation," says Daniel Feldman, a scientist in Berkeley Lab's Earth Sciences Division and lead author of the Nature paper.
You've probably heard that carbon dioxide is warming the Earth. But how exactly is it doing it?
Lieven Scheire uses a rainbow, a light bulb and a bit of quantum physics to describe the science behind global warming.
More detailed understanding requires dedicating yourself to some serious study and homework:
"Global Warming - Understanding the Forecast." Professor David Archer
http://forecast.uchicago.edu/lectures.html
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First direct observation of carbon dioxide's increasing greenhouse effect
February 25, 2015, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
"We see, for the first time in the field, the amplification of the greenhouse effect because there's more CO2 in the atmosphere to absorb what the Earth emits in response to incoming solar radiation," says Daniel Feldman, a scientist in Berkeley Lab's Earth Sciences Division and lead author of the Nature paper.
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A quick review of "CO2 science"
A quick review of "CO2 science"
You've probably heard that carbon dioxide is warming the Earth. But how exactly is it doing it?
Lieven Scheire uses a rainbow, a light bulb and a bit of quantum physics to describe the science behind global warming.
More detailed understanding requires dedicating yourself to some serious study and homework:
"Global Warming - Understanding the Forecast." Professor David Archer
http://forecast.uchicago.edu/lectures.html
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PS. dreaming of some curious engaged students or elders ~
please copy this list, share and improve.
I keep wishing someone with more time and a deeper understanding would use this list as a spring board for a more comprehend review of this topic.
Turn this info into a prime time project, rather than this quaint little home study job.
CC
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